Smoking status was categorized into never/past or current (daily or intermittent) smoker. Body mass index was calculated by dividing weight by height (kg/m 2). Menopausal status was dichotomized into premeno-pausal versus postmenopausal states, which included menopause with or without a hysterectomy. The health interview survey asked the female participants whether they were currently menmenstruating, then asked the cause of absent menstruation if they answered no. Hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia were defined as the cases where the participants replied that they had been diagnosed by a physician in the health interview survey. Non-HDL-C was calculated by subtracting HDL-C from TC. The Friedewald formula was used to calculate LDL-C for subjects with serum TG level ≤400 mg/dL 18) and measured directly using the Hitachi 7600 analyzer for subjects with serum TG level >400 mg/dL. Fasting glucose, TC, HDL-C, and TG levels were determined using a Hitachi 7600 automated chemistry analyzer (Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan). Fasting blood samples collected from each individual during the survey were processed, refrigerated immediately, transported in cold storage to the central laboratory (Neodin Medical Institute, Seoul, Korea), and analyzed within 24 hours after transportation. Therefore, we investigated the distributions of TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, and lipoprotein-cholesterol fractions according to age, sex and menopausal status in the Korean population.īlood samples were taken after subjects had fasted for eight or more hours. 14), 15), 16) However, to date, no study has yet reported on the distributions of plasma lipid and lipoprotein-cholesterol fractions by age, sex, and menopausal status of Korean participants. Many studies have investigated the prevalence of dyslipidemia. 12) At the same time, the non-HDL-C (calculated by subtracting HDL-C from TC) level provides a convenient measure of the cholesterol content of all atherogenic lipoproteins, and thus incorporates the potential risk for cardiovascular disease. 10), 11) The TG/HDL-C, a relatively novel lipoprotein index, could serve as a good predictor of cardiovascular disease. Moreover, elevated TG and low HDL-C are basic characteristics of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, which are both strongly associated with cardiovascular disease. 7) Increasing evidence 8), 9) supports the theory that serum triglycerides (TG) may be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
3), 5), 6) Thus, TC/HDL-C or LDL-C to HDL-C ratio (LDL-C/HDL-C) may prove to be a better marker for identifying and monitoring cardiovascular disease risk. 3), 4) Ratios of li-poprotein-cholesterol fractions, such as TC to HDL-C ratio (TC/HDL-C) or LDL-C to HDL-C ratio (LDL-C/HDL-C), are better than the ab-solute level of LDL-C at discriminating between individuals who are more or less likely to develop cardiovascular disease based on the results from previous studies. High levels of total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) are recognized as significant contributing factors to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, 1), 2) and elevated low serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) is asso-ciated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Elevation or imbalance in blood cholesterols is the most important cardiovascular risk factor.
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in Korea, and its burden on society is steadily increasing due to an ageing population and worsening cardiovascular risk profiles.
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